R&D Studies for the Development of Filaments Suitable for Additive Manufacturing

Hydroxyapatite is a mineral found in the structure of tooth enamel, dentin layers, and bones, which can be produced both naturally and synthetically. It is the mineral form of calcium apatite found in nature. Hydroxyapatite does not react with oxygen and is non-flammable. However, its structural flexibility is very low, making it brittle. It is tasteless, odorless, and insoluble in organic solvents, as well as in most inorganic solvents except acids.

In laboratory conditions, hydroxyapatite is composed of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) microparticles and a water-based gel. With structural components containing calcium and phosphate ions, these substances are naturally found in bones and tooth enamel. Since hydroxyapatite is 100% biocompatible and poses no health risks, no prior testing is required before its application.

In conducted studies, PLA (Polylactic Acid) and HA (Hydroxyapatite) samples were mixed at specific ratios to create materials suitable for filling or repairing fractures. Filaments suitable for additive manufacturing have been developed, enabling 3D printers to create new structures for fragmented bones or lost teeth. This innovative approach eliminates the need for metal implants like platinum, paving the way for effective treatments for broken bones and other applications.